For and since: duration and starting point
ENGLISH9-14
Membedakan durasi dan titik awal pada keadaan yang berlanjut.
Bekal awal: Memahami present perfect.
Konteks bab
Dialog tentang persiapan bahan belajar dibuat sendiri. Waktu dan tokoh rekaan.
Bacaan dan kasus
4 · A Progress Meeting
Original English reading and listening text
Teks asli untuk latihan. Tokoh, kegiatan, tempat, dan data rekaan; bukan laporan kegiatan nyata. Dapat dibacakan pendamping. Suara web memakai fasilitas perangkat, bukan rekaman penutur.
Dita: “Have you ever written a notice for a group?” Rani: “Yes, I have. I wrote one last month. It was about a reading session.” Dita: “Have you finished our new draft yet?” Rani: “Not yet. I have written the title and the first paragraph, but I haven’t checked the dates.”
Dita: “I’ll check them with you. We have used the old template since Monday, so we should compare both versions.” Rani: “Thank you. I’m going to make the date easier to find. We are meeting the supervisor at four, aren’t we?” Dita: “Yes. The meeting is arranged. If the room is unavailable, we will ask for another approved space.”
Rani: “Then let’s write down what is ready and what still needs work.” Dita: “Good idea. A finished title does not mean a finished notice.” Rani: “After the meeting, we can update the plan. We have made progress, but we still need someone to check the whole message.”
Fokus pemeriksaan. Which statements describe experience, progress, an offer, and an arrangement?
Read or listen, then respond
1 When did Rani write an earlier notice?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
Last month.
2 Which parts of the new draft are ready?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
The title and first paragraph.
3 What does Dita offer to check?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
The dates.
4 When is the arranged meeting?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
At four.
Two different questions
For answers how long: for two weeks, for three years. Since gives a starting point: since Monday, since 2024. Model: “Rani has known Dita for two years.” “Rani has known Dita since 2024.” Kalimat kedua memerlukan waktu kini yang sesuai konteks; contoh tidak menyatakan riwayat orang nyata.
Choose verbs with care
Know, own, and have for possession commonly describe states: “I have had this notebook for a month.” Had is the participle of have. “I have known her since July,” not “I have been knowing her” in the usual meaning here. Buku ini berfokus pada present perfect simple; bentuk continuous dapat dipelajari kemudian sesuai bekal.
Check whether the situation continues
“I lived there for two years” can describe a finished period. “I have lived here for two years” connects the period with now. For itself does not force present perfect. Ask whether the speaker is still describing the current situation and whether the time period is finished.
Telusuri contoh
Choose: for or since Monday?
- Monday is a starting point.
- Use since.
- “We have used the new list since Monday.”
Choose: for or since three weeks?
- Three weeks is a duration.
- Use for.
- “We have used it for three weeks.”
For indicates duration, not a tense by itself; since marks a starting point.
Latihan mandiri
1 Complete: “She has known him ___ two years.”
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
for
2 Complete: “They have used it ___ July.”
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
since
3 Correct: “I have knew her for a year.”
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
I have known her for a year.
4 Does for always require present perfect?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
No; “I lived there for two years” can describe a finished past period.
Perluas pemahamanmu
Write two short fictional profiles: one with a continuing situation and one with a finished past period. Explain the contrast.
Coba dengan umpan balik
Latihan otomatis membantu pemeriksaan; tuliskan alasan dan langkah untuk membuktikan pemahaman.
1 Which phrase gives a starting point?
Petunjuk awal
Tentukan informasi, konsep dan bukti yang dibutuhkan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
B. since Monday. Since Monday identifies when the period began.
Praktik dan refleksi
Buat delapan kartu waktu dan kelompokkan durasi/titik awal. Gunakan empat di antaranya dalam kalimat lengkap.
Penanda pribadi di perangkat ini; bukan nilai atau bukti penguasaan.