Past passive: explain what was done
ENGLISH9-09
Menggunakan was/were plus past participle pada laporan pekerjaan lampau.
Bekal awal: Memahami present passive.
Konteks bab
Kartu serta langkah merupakan model aman; tidak menugaskan penggunaan pangan, bahan berbahaya, atau alat tajam.
Bacaan dan kasus
3 · From Mixed Cards to a Clear Set
Original English reading and listening text
Teks asli untuk latihan. Tokoh, kegiatan, tempat, dan data rekaan; bukan laporan kegiatan nyata. Dapat dibacakan pendamping. Suara web memakai fasilitas perangkat, bukan rekaman penutur.
Yesterday, a group prepared a set of paper cards for a sorting activity. First, the cards were counted. There were twenty cards, but two had damaged corners. Those two cards were separated, and eighteen usable cards were placed on the desk. Their codes were then compared with the list.
The group wrote a short instruction sheet. It said, “Check the code before placing a card in a pocket. If a code is missing, ask the supervisor. Do not write on a borrowed book.” One reader asked whether the number on the box meant grams or pieces. The group changed the label to “18 paper cards”.
The revised text was easier for that reader to follow, but the group had tested it with only one person. They planned another small test before using the set more widely. The cards, counts, and test in this text are a classroom simulation, not a report of an actual activity.
Fokus pemeriksaan. How do the count, label, and instruction sheet support one another?
Read or listen, then respond
1 How many cards were counted first?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
Twenty.
2 How many were usable?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
Eighteen, because two were damaged.
3 What question did the reader ask about the label?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
Whether the number meant grams or pieces.
4 How many people tested the model text?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
One person; a further small test was planned.
Time changes be
“The labels are checked every week” describes a regular process. “The labels were checked yesterday” describes a past event. Dalam past passive, gunakan was/were + past participle. The box was repaired; the boxes were repaired. Bentuk repaired tetap, sedangkan be mengikuti waktu serta subjek.
Keep the agent when needed
“The cards were moved” belum menyebut pemindahnya. Tambahkan by the team jika pembaca perlu mengetahui tanggung jawab. Kalimat pasif tidak otomatis lebih sopan atau lebih ilmiah. Pilih fokus yang cocok: benda yang diproses, langkah pekerjaan, atau pelaku yang diminta bertindak.
A model report
“The cards were counted on Monday. Two damaged cards were separated. A new list was written by the group.” Angka serta hari adalah model. Jangan menyamakan damaged dengan dirty: rusak dan kotor memerlukan respons berbeda. Tulis apa yang benar-benar dilakukan atau beri label simulasi agar bentuk lampau tidak mengesankan praktik sudah terjadi.
Telusuri contoh
Change: “The group wrote a list yesterday.”
- Focus on a list.
- Use was + written.
- “A list was written by the group yesterday.”
Make a question about the cards.
- Put were before the subject.
- Keep counted as participle.
- “Were the cards counted on Monday?”
Do not use did with was/were in these passive questions; “Were the cards checked?” is sufficient.
Latihan mandiri
1 Complete: “The box ___ repaired yesterday.”
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
was
2 Complete: “Two cards were ___.” Use damage.
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
damaged
3 Make negative: “The labels were changed.”
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
The labels were not changed.
4 Why may by the group be important?
Petunjuk awal
Pisahkan informasi yang diketahui, alasan yang diperlukan, dan batas kesimpulan. Periksa kembali contoh sebelum membuka pembahasan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
It identifies the agent when responsibility is relevant.
Perluas pemahamanmu
Compare “The box was repaired” and “The team repaired the box”. Explain how the focus changes while the basic event remains the same.
Coba dengan umpan balik
Latihan otomatis membantu pemeriksaan; tuliskan alasan dan langkah untuk membuktikan pemahaman.
1 Choose the correct past passive.
Petunjuk awal
Tentukan informasi, konsep dan bukti yang dibutuhkan.
Pembahasan · buka setelah mencoba
D. The labels were checked yesterday.. Past passive uses were plus the past participle checked.
Praktik dan refleksi
Tulis laporan rekaan tiga kalimat tentang pekerjaan kemarin dengan past passive. Tulis pelaku pada satu kalimat.
Penanda pribadi di perangkat ini; bukan nilai atau bukti penguasaan.